![\"\"](\"https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/ruralsocietyislam\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2018\/10\/FayyumMap1-1024x654.png\")
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Download as PDF<\/a><\/p>\n List of Settlements<\/a><\/p>\n The map above is intended to represent the landscape of Fayyum as it was in the mid-thirteenth century. It was produced by Dr\u00a0Max Satchell using ESRI ArcGIS software. The map was created from a variety of sources including geo-rectified scans of 1:100,000 mapping of the US Army Map Service, satellite elevation data, and 100,000 scale maps surveyed under the direction of Pierre Jacotin 1788\u201389 and published in 1826.[1]<\/a><\/p>\n The level of Lake Q\u0101r\u016bn (ancient Lake Moeris, modern Birkat Qarun) has fluctuated dramatically throughout history,[2]<\/a> and since the water level of the lake is the most important factor affecting the size of arable land in the depression, it was crucial to determine the approximate water level of the lake during al-N\u0101bulus\u012b\u2019s visit to the region. We followed \u02bfAl\u012b Shafei Bey\u2019s estimate of the lake\u2019s water-level at -30\u00a0m below sea level at the time of al-N\u0101bulus\u012b\u2019s visit.[3]<\/a> This is about 15\u00a0m higher than the current level of -45\u00a0m. In recent years, several scientific studies based on pollen records, paleolimnology, and sedimentological analysis have confirmed this as a reasonable estimate for the lake level during the thirteenth century.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n Locations of individual villages were reconstructed based on the information provided in the Villages of the Fayyum, as well as previous attempts to map the settlements recorded in the survey, especially the map prepared by Shafei Bey in his \u2018Fayoum Irrigation\u2019 essay, and the map of the Fayyum by Heinz Halm in his \u00c4gypten nach den Mamlukischen Lehensregistern<\/em>.[5]<\/a> Further information on the history of individual settlements was taken from Mu\u1e25ammad Ramz\u012b, Al-Q\u0101m\u016bs al-jughr\u0101f\u012b<\/em>, and Stefan Timm, Das Christlich-Koptische \u00c4gypten in Arabischer Zeit<\/em>.[6]<\/a> We have also cross-referenced with modern maps (Google Earth). Explanations and references for villages\u2019 locations appear in the footnotes of the English translation.<\/p>\n The routes of the main canals were drawn based on the map produced by Shafei Bey, who was the irrigation engineer of the Fayyum in the 1940s and drew on intimate familiarity with local conditions. Some modifications were made, however, in line with the Jacotin maps, and with consideration of the topography of the depression. In particular, the route of the Minyat Aqn\u0101 canal was modified from the route marked by Shafei Bey, so that it follows the route of the Nazla ravine; the location of the large village of Minyat Aqn\u0101, which lay at the end of that canal, near the shores of Lake Q\u0101r\u016bn, was changed accordingly.<\/p>\n Note that not all settlements have been located. Settlements without any identified location (usually hamlets or smaller villages) are listed separately at the end of the table.<\/p>\n We are thankful to Prof.\u00a0Dominic Rathbone, Prof.\u00a0Cronelia R\u00f6mer, and Dr\u00a0Brendan Haug for providing us with their sound advice about the topography and geography of the Fayyum. Any faults are entirely ours.<\/p>\n This map was produced with the generous support of the Isobel Thornley Fund.<\/p>\n [1]<\/a> US Army Map Service AMS P671 (GGS 4085) sheets 72\/54, 72\/60, 68\/54, 68\/60 (Washington, DC, 1948\u201349); USGS SRTM 1 Arc-Second Global (6 August 2015); Carte Topographique de l\u2019\u00c9gypte et de plusiers des pays limitrophes\u2026construite par M.\u00a0Jacotin<\/em> (Paris: [n. pub.], 1826), fols\u00a018\u201319.<\/p>\n [2]<\/a> See Gertrude Caton-Thompson and Elinor Wight Gardner,\u00a0The Desert Fayum<\/em>: Vol. i (London: Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, 1934), pp.\u00a011\u201313; Ball, Contributions, p.\u00a0219; Carl Butzer, Early Hydraulic Civilization in Egypt: A\u00a0Study in Cultural Ecology<\/em> (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976), p.\u00a037; Peter\u00a0J. Mehringer, Kenneth\u00a0L. Peterson, and Fekri Hassan, \u2018A Pollen Record from Birket Qarun and the Recent History of the Fayum\u2019,\u00a0Quaternary Research<\/em>,\u00a011 (1979), 238\u201356; Geoff Tassie, \u2018Modelling Environmental and Settlement Change in the Fayum\u2019, Egyptian Archaeology<\/em>, 29 (2006), 37\u201340; Rebecca Phillipps and others, \u2018Lake Level Changes, Lake Edge Basins and the Paleoenvironment of the Fayum North Shore, Egypt, during the Early to Mid-Holocene\u2019, Open Quaternary<\/em>, 2. 2\u00a0(2016), 1\u201312.<\/p>\n [3]<\/a> Shafei Bey, \u2018Fayoum Irrigation\u2019, pp.\u00a0309, 320. Shafei Bey based this estimation on information provided by al-N\u0101bulus\u012b, as well as on geological and archaeological findings.<\/p>\n [4]<\/a> See Mehringer, Petersen, and Hassan, \u2018A Pollen Record\u2019, p.\u00a0241; Kevin Keatings, and others, \u2018Ostracods and the Holocene Palaeolimnology of Lake Qarun, with Special Reference to Past Human\u2013Environment Interactions in the Faiyum (Egypt)\u2019, Hydrobiologia<\/em>, 654 (2010), 155\u201376 (p.\u00a0159); Hassan\u00a0M. Baioumy, Hajime Kayanne, and Ryuji Tada, \u2018Reconstruction of Lake-Level and Climate Changes in Lake Qarun, Egypt, during the Last 7000 Years\u2019,\u00a0Journal of Great Lakes Research<\/em>,\u00a036. 2\u00a0(2010), 318\u201327 (pp.\u00a0325\u201326).<\/p>\n [5]<\/a> Halm, \u00c4gypten<\/em>.<\/p>\n [6]<\/a> Ramz\u012b, Al-Q\u0101m\u016bs al-jughr\u0101f\u012b li\u02bel-bil\u0101d al-mi\u1e63r\u012bya min \u02bfahd qudam\u0101\u02be al-Mi\u1e63r\u012by\u012bn il\u0101 sanat 1945<\/em> (Al-Q\u0101hira: D\u0101r al-Kutub al-Mi\u1e63riyya, 1953); Timm, Das Christlich-Koptische \u00c4gypten<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Download as PDF List of Settlements Villages of the Fayyum, 1243 The map above is intended to represent the landscape of Fayyum as it was in the mid-thirteenth century. It was produced by Dr\u00a0Max Satchell using ESRI ArcGIS software. The map was created from a variety of sources including geo-rectified scans of 1:100,000 mapping of […] Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":60,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-93","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/ruralsocietyislam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/93","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/ruralsocietyislam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/ruralsocietyislam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/ruralsocietyislam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/60"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/ruralsocietyislam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=93"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/ruralsocietyislam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/93\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":225,"href":"https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/ruralsocietyislam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/93\/revisions\/225"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/ruralsocietyislam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=93"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Villages of the Fayyum, 1243<\/h3>\n