{"id":393,"date":"2025-06-26T15:39:20","date_gmt":"2025-06-26T15:39:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/?page_id=393"},"modified":"2025-07-03T15:52:53","modified_gmt":"2025-07-03T15:52:53","slug":"multi-spectral-imaging","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/multi-spectral-imaging\/","title":{"rendered":"Multi-Spectral Imaging"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-b7f6f8cb wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:56%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1530\" height=\"2040\" src=\"https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2025\/06\/WhatsApp-Image-2024-06-07-at-14.28.49-1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-398\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2025\/06\/WhatsApp-Image-2024-06-07-at-14.28.49-1.jpeg 1530w, https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2025\/06\/WhatsApp-Image-2024-06-07-at-14.28.49-1-225x300.jpeg 225w, https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2025\/06\/WhatsApp-Image-2024-06-07-at-14.28.49-1-768x1024.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2025\/06\/WhatsApp-Image-2024-06-07-at-14.28.49-1-1152x1536.jpeg 1152w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1530px) 100vw, 1530px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-container-core-column-is-layout-0c22cdd7 wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Multi-Spectral Imaging (MSI) is a non-invasive imaging technology that captures photographs under multiple wavelengths of light, ranging from ultraviolet through visible to infrared. By analysing these images through specialised software, MSI enhances or reveals sections overwritten or erased in manuscripts. This method has a proven track record in cultural heritage projects, such as recovering the lost texts of the Archimedes Palimpsest and enhancing legibility in the Codex Sinaiticus and Dead Sea Scrolls.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition to enhancing legibility, MSI helps identify material usage patterns linked to specific engagements, such as wear from careless handling, intentional erasures, or devotional gestures. This is vital in projects such as ours, where understanding the materiality of usage marks reveals how manuscripts were used, altered, and preserved over time. As such, MSI offers a deeper interpretation of manuscripts&#8217; evolving cultural and devotional contexts.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-x-large-font-size\"><em>reconstructing erased image<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-112c24ef wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-content-justification-stretch is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-d8dce8eb wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover is-light\" style=\"min-height:271px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"622\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-457 size-full\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-03-at-16.31.53.png\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-03-at-16.31.53.png 700w, https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-03-at-16.31.53-300x267.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim-0 has-background-dim\" style=\"background-color:#833d3a\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div style=\"height:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><em>normal light <\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-content-justification-stretch is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-d8dce8eb wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover is-light\" style=\"min-height:271px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"706\" height=\"612\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-458 size-full\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-03-at-16.32.00.png\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-03-at-16.32.00.png 706w, https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-03-at-16.32.00-300x260.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 706px) 100vw, 706px\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim-0 has-background-dim\" style=\"background-color:#828282\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div style=\"height:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">image processed with ENVI, combination of MNF<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">(band 1), ICA (band 2), PCA (band 5)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-content-justification-stretch is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-d8dce8eb wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover is-light\" style=\"min-height:271px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"678\" height=\"602\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-459 size-full\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-03-at-16.32.08.png\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-03-at-16.32.08.png 678w, https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-03-at-16.32.08-300x266.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim-0 has-background-dim\" style=\"background-color:#d6bc98\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div style=\"height:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">image processed with HOKU, PCA method,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">band extracted: 9<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-x-large-font-size\"><em>Analysis of Parchment&#8217;s condition<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-112c24ef wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-content-justification-stretch is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-d8dce8eb wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover is-light\" style=\"min-height:271px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"518\" height=\"626\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-461 size-full\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-03-at-16.42.46.png\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-03-at-16.42.46.png 518w, https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-03-at-16.42.46-248x300.png 248w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 518px) 100vw, 518px\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim-0 has-background-dim\" style=\"background-color:#833d3a\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div style=\"height:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><em>normal light <\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-content-justification-stretch is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-d8dce8eb wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover is-light\" style=\"min-height:271px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"716\" height=\"648\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-462 size-full\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-03-at-16.42.55.png\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-03-at-16.42.55.png 716w, https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-03-at-16.42.55-300x272.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 716px) 100vw, 716px\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim-0 has-background-dim\" style=\"background-color:#828282\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div style=\"height:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">image processed with HOKU, PCA method <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">band extracted: 13<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-content-justification-stretch is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-d8dce8eb wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover is-light\" style=\"min-height:271px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"722\" height=\"660\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-463 size-full\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-03-at-16.43.20.png\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-03-at-16.43.20.png 722w, https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-03-at-16.43.20-300x274.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 722px) 100vw, 722px\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim-0 has-background-dim\" style=\"background-color:#d6bc98\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div style=\"height:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">image processed with HOKU, MNF method <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">band extracted: 9<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-x-large-font-size\"><em>Ink analysis<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-112c24ef wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-content-justification-stretch is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-d8dce8eb wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover is-light\" style=\"min-height:271px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1544\" height=\"570\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-464 size-full\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-03-at-16.48.21.png\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-03-at-16.48.21.png 1544w, https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-03-at-16.48.21-300x111.png 300w, https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-03-at-16.48.21-1024x378.png 1024w, https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-03-at-16.48.21-768x284.png 768w, https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-03-at-16.48.21-1536x567.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1544px) 100vw, 1544px\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim-0 has-background-dim\" style=\"background-color:#833d3a\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div style=\"height:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><em>normal light <\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-content-justification-stretch is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-d8dce8eb wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover\" style=\"min-height:271px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1546\" height=\"534\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-465 size-full\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-03-at-16.48.34.png\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-03-at-16.48.34.png 1546w, https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-03-at-16.48.34-300x104.png 300w, https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-03-at-16.48.34-1024x354.png 1024w, https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-03-at-16.48.34-768x265.png 768w, https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-03-at-16.48.34-1536x531.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1546px) 100vw, 1546px\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim-0 has-background-dim\" style=\"background-color:#828282\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div style=\"height:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">image processed with ENVI, PCA method. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">combination of bands B2, B3, B8<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-content-justification-stretch is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-d8dce8eb wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover\" style=\"min-height:271px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"614\" height=\"624\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-466 size-full\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-03-at-16.51.33.png\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-03-at-16.51.33.png 614w, https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-03-at-16.51.33-295x300.png 295w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim-0 has-background-dim\" style=\"background-color:#d6bc98\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div style=\"height:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">image processed with ENVI, PCA method.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">band extracted: 3<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Multi-Spectral Imaging (MSI) is a non-invasive imaging technology that captures photographs under multiple wavelengths of light, ranging from ultraviolet through visible to infrared. By analysing these images through specialised software, MSI enhances or reveals sections overwritten or erased in manuscripts. This method has a proven track record in cultural heritage projects, such as recovering the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":340,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-393","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/393","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/340"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=393"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/393\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":467,"href":"https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/393\/revisions\/467"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/projects.history.qmul.ac.uk\/inplainsight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=393"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}